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, Professor of Geology at Queen’s University, Canada, has for over 40 years focused his research on carbonate sediments and rocks ranging from the modern seafloor to the Archean, studying their origin via extensive marine and terrestrial fieldwork, petrography, and geochemistry. Brian Jones , Distinguished University Professor at the University of Alberta, has concentrated on the deposition and diagenesis of modern and Cenozoic deposits in the Caribbean, surface and subsurface Paleozoic rocks in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (many of which are prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs), and spring deposits worldwide.

and raises the local pH, prompting accidental mineral precipitation on cell walls. Abiotic Precipitation

CO2(g)⇌CO2(aq)+H2O⇌H2CO3⇌H++HCO3−⇌2H++CO32−cap C cap O sub 2 open paren g close paren is in equilibrium with cap C cap O sub 2 open paren a q close paren plus cap H sub 2 cap O is in equilibrium with cap H sub 2 cap C cap O sub 3 is in equilibrium with cap H raised to the positive power plus cap H cap C cap O sub 3 raised to the negative power is in equilibrium with 2 cap H raised to the positive power plus cap C cap O sub 3 raised to the 2 minus power

Similar to stromatolites but lacking distinct internal laminations, featuring instead a clotted macro-texture mediated by complex microbial consortia. 3. Carbonate Depositional Environments and Facies Models

In deep-ocean basins, pelagic calcifiers such as coccolithophores and planktonic foraminifera generate vast blankets of carbonate ooze. Biologically Induced Precipitation (Microbialites)

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